what's timoxeline barbebutenol?
in "Johnny English Reborn", we heard a chemical
substance that named timoxeline barbebutenol.
but. do we know what is timoxeline barbebutenol?
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timoxelin barbebutenol (C11H18N2O3) is a barbiturate, any
of a class of organic
compounds used in medicine as sedatives (to
produce a calming effect), as hypnotics (to produce sleep), or as an adjunct in
anesthesia. Barbiturates are derivatives of barbituric
acid (malonyl urea), which is formed from malonic
acid and urea. Barbital was
first synthesized in 1903, and phenobarbital became
available in 1912. Barbiturates act by depressing the central
nervous system, particularly on certain portions of the brain, though they
tend to depress the functioning of all the body’s tissues. Most of them exert a
sedative effect in small doses and a hypnotic effect in larger doses.
Barbiturates are classified according to their duration of
action. The effects of long-acting barbiturates, such as barbital and
phenobarbital, may last for as long as 24 hours; these drugs are used in
conjunction with other drugs for the treatment of epilepsy,
in which their prolonged depressant action helps prevent convulsions.
Barbiturates of intermediate duration of action, such as amobarbital and
butabarbital sodium, act for 6 to 12 hours and are used to relieve insomnia.
Short-acting barbiturates, such aspentobarbital and secobarbital,
are used to overcome difficulty in falling asleep. Ultrashort-acting
barbiturates, such as thiopental
sodium and thiamylal, are used intravenously to induce unconsciousness
smoothly and rapidly in patients about to undergo surgery, after which gaseous
anesthetics are used to maintain the unconscious state. The barbiturates have
largely been replaced as sedatives by the benzodiazepines and other minor
tranquilizers.
The prolonged use of
barbiturates—especially secobarbital and pentobarbital—may cause the
development of a tolerance to them and require amounts much larger than the
original therapeutic dose. Denial of a barbiturate to the habitual user may
precipitate a withdrawal
syndromethat is indicative of physiological dependence on the drug. An
overdose of barbiturates can result in coma and even death due to severe
depression of the central nervous and respiratory
systems.
The abuse of
barbiturate drugs became highly prevalent in Western societies between the
1940s and ’70s. In North
America barbiturates were widely used by youth gangs and
deviant subcultures as depressants and attracted notoriety because they
were often taken in combination with other substances (e.g., stimulants such as
amphetamines). Alcohol greatly intensifies the depressant effect of
barbiturates, and in the 1950s and ’60s, barbiturates taken with alcohol became
a common agent in suicide cases. Collectively, barbiturates became known as
“thrill-pills” or “goofballs,” and they became a frequent target of anti-drug
campaigns. The use and availability of barbiturates in the United
States declined steeply following the federal Comprehensive Drug Abuse
Prevention and Control Act of 1970. As a street drug, barbiturates were largely
replaced by other substances during the 1970s, especially by PCP.